Carcassonne – UNESCO Heritage Castle and City

Up until my journey to Carcassonne, I had been exclusively using Covoiturage to get between cities, however between Montpellier and Carcassonne there were no rides up for offer and so I had to use the French train service for the first time.  After leaving the apartment, I headed to the train station where I quickly found out why Covoiturage is so popular, the train ticket was 32 Euros!! The train arrived on time and I got on-board and had to sit on my big backpack in the common area by the doors as all the seats were taken, the train kept heavily accelerating and braking every five minutes as we stopped at small concrete platforms on the outskirts of towns. 

Despite all the stopping and starting the train was quite fast and soon I was in Narbonne, a coastal town where I was supposed to transfer trains. As I waited around in the terminal, I watched the departures screen suddenly change to say that my train to Carcassonne had been cancelled, so I went over to the Information Desk and asked why the train had been cancelled and when the next one was… She was very helpful, not! “Such is life, take the bus outside” she replied in French, waving her arms around before slamming the window shut.

So outside I went, and picked the bus stop with the most number of disgruntled looking travellers, to wait for the bus to Carcassonne. After around 25 minutes, the rail replacement bus turned up and we departed from Narbonne. The one advantage to the train being cancelled was that after leaving the streets of Narbonne, the view was quite spectacular and it was interesting to see the influence of nearby Spain on the countryside. There were a lot of joint French and Spanish signs and also the buildings in the valleys that the road cut through were lined with farmhouses with very shallow angled roofs covered with alternating yellow and orange-ish coloured terracotta tiles, this was quite different to the architecture in Avignon and especially Montpellier.

Around 4 pm, the tower spires and huge Gallo-Roman walls of the Carcassonne castle appeared atop a distant hill and even from a distance the sheer size of the ancient walled city was obvious. It only got more impressive as the bus got closer to the city and then disappeared as the bus navigated down the narrow roads and over an old viaduct to finally come to a stop at the station. Due to the delays caused by having to take the bus instead of the train to Carcassonne I was running late for meeting Mark, a British ex-pat who hires out apartments on Airbnb in Carcassonne and also owns a restaurant there too. I managed to make my way quickly through the commercial city centre, still over 1500 years but not inside the walls of the ancient city on top the hill overlooking the rest of Carcassonne, and met Mark underneath a Roman era archway. He then showed me to the apartment that I had booked on Airbnb back in September, $50 AUD a night for a top floor 3 bedroom apartment!!

Very quickly I was settled into the apartment and had made use of the kitchen to make myself a little bit too much instant coffee, leading to me doing all my washing in less than 2 hours and hanging it out to dry and also deciding at 8 PM to go walking and take some photos from the Pont Vieux (a medieval bridge that spans the rivers) and also from the grassy slopes beneath the old city that overlooked the city. Even with my hiking shoes and only a camera I slipped a few times on the steep, slippery grass slopes and it made me realise that even before an attacking army ever made it to the walls they’d struggle with all their heavy armour and armaments to even get up the surroundings of the old city walls.

Around 10 I headed back to the apartment past a small restaurant where I had a steak and vegetables, a good break from pain au chocolat and caffe. Thankfully the temperature was still positive and the streets still felt quite safe and well illuminated on the walk back to Boulevard de Roumans, the large street only 5 minutes from the Pont Vieux where the apartment was situated.

Day 2 in Carcassonne, I woke up early hoping to beat the crowds of tourists, even in winter the Cite de Carcassonne is a large tourist attraction. I made my way up the hill and through the old gates of the city, still standing since almost 100 BC when the Romans first fortified the city on the top of the hill. Archaeologists can identify which parts of the walls are of Roman construction as instead of the huge blocks of stone used by the French after 600 AD, the Romans used hundreds of thousands of small rectangular red bricks.

The Cite de Carcassonne that sits on the hill has stood for over 2000 years, not without sustaining significant damage however, and consists of 2 rings of walls that span over 12 km long and contains more than 50 towers as well. Unlike many fortifications in France, the castle only makes up about 1/5^th of the area inside of the walls, with the remainder consisting of wooden and stone frame double storey buildings and 2 huge cathedrals.  After walking through the main gate from the direction of the ‘new town’, I headed first to the castle which has been restored, like the rest of the old city, over the past 200 years. These restorative efforts were spearheaded by Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc who spent much of his life in the 19^th century restoring the Cite de Carcassonne but also planning the expansion of the new city below the ancient Roman walls.

I bought a ticket and audio-guided tour of the castle, the first stop on the self-paced tour was the old dining hall of the Counts and dignitaries who would have resided in the castle since its construction in the 12^th century. This huge room, with its lead lined windows, huge fireplace and high ceiling now houses a projector screen displaying a video about Eugene’s restoration of the Cite and also the rise and fall of the Cite over its existence.

The city always existed as an important trading post but also a strategic border garrison on the French-Spanish border, that is until the late 16^th century when truces were made and trading was dominated by Spanish ships along the Mediterranean coast.

This was also coupled with a revolt of the towns people against the then ruler of Carcassonne who evicted the majority from the fortified walls, these evicted towns people then set up ‘ville basse’ (the lower city) which soon also became fortified and much more vibrant in terms of trading.

Eventually in the 17^th century, the Cite de Carcassonne would suffer the same fate as the Chateau des Papes in Avignon and be used as a barracks and occupied by squatters until the restoration by Eugene Voillet-le-Duc.

After watching the video on the restoration of the Cite, I then walked up onto the walls and looked out over the rest of the Cite and also the ‘ville basse’. The amount of thought that went into designing impenetrable castles, Carcassonne was only ever conquered by siege, never by brute attacking force, was incredible. Every single design choice in the castle was obviously made to enhance the security of the important people at the very crux of the fortifications, for example the main gate house on the outer side of the moat is open on the side facing the castle so that if it was overrun the attackers had nowhere to hide.

The castle’s rooms now house ancient artefacts from both Roman and Visigothic times, including fragments of Roman pottery and a huge Roman milestone. Taking photos and reading and listening to all the tour guide posts, it took me well over 2 hours to explore the castle before making my way out and walking around the buildings that form a huge maze inside of the walls. There were lots of jewellery and food stores and the obligatory souvenir stores, it was now around 1 pm and the streets were filling up with tourists, mainly from China and Japan following tour guides around and taking photos of everything (I’m not one to talk though). I had a quick look at the two major Basilicas of St Nazaire and St Celse built inside the walls back in the 6^th century, it is just crazy to think that these huge structures, whilst modified over the ages, have stood for so long and been a gathering place for hundreds of thousands of people since their construction.

Finally I left the Cite de Carcassonne and went into the centre of Ville Basse, where I had a late lunch/early dinner and watched enviously the people ice skating in the Place de la Republique. It was only 8 days till Christmas now and the city was filled with carols, people doing their Christmas shopping and the ever present smell of Vin Chaud and cooking marrons.

The next day I spoke to the family back home via Skype and then hurriedly packed my bags and headed to Toulouse late in the afternoon to start a 2 day, 700 km journey to spend a few days with my awesome friend Mathilde and her family in Caen!!

Rating: 5/5; awesome historical ancient city and a great festive atmosphere in the Ville Basse.